Citrus means evergreen tree or lemon tree in Latin. Citrus plants are distributed in subtropical and tropical regions of the world, about 40 species - lemon, orange, tangerine, feijoa, etc. is known. Citrus fruits grow mainly in Mediterranean countries.

The common feature of these trees is that they do not shed their leaves and contain essential oil. Its leaves are soft and shiny, and due to the natural essence it contains, it leaves a pleasant smell around. Generally, they taste sour, but some taste sweeter as they ripen. The percentage of essential oils in citrus fruits varies in their individual parts. Citrus fruits contain sugar, a large amount of pectin substances, acids, and a small amount of nitrogenous substances. Pectin substances, like essential oils, are mainly collected in the peel part. Citrus fruits contain vitamins C, P, B1, B2, PP and carotene. Vitamins are collected more in the shell than in the fleshy part. For example, vitamin C is 33-62 mg% in the fleshy part, while it is 121-175 mg% in the shell part. Orange peel contains 490 mg% vitamin P. The amount of nitrogenous substances is up to 1%. Rich in vitamin C, these fruits are eye-catching with their yellow and orange colors. It is especially used as a natural medicine for post-viral diseases. Therefore, experts emphasize the importance of its frequent consumption in the winter months. Vitamin C, which provides benefits to body systems from the work of organs, has a particularly active role in cell reconstruction. Experts emphasize that taking 50-100 grams of vitamin C supplement daily can help the body renew itself like a natural medicine. The fruit of citrus plants is eaten, juice, jam, compote, jam, etc. are made from it. is prepared. The essential oil made from the leaf, flower and fruit bark is used in perfumery. For example, the fruit and juice of feijoa are used in the treatment of atherosclerosis, scurvy and thyroid gland. Lemon plays an important role in the treatment of hypertension, diabetes, liver, tangerine chronic gastrointestinal diseases, orange chronic constipation, hypotonia, liver, gout. Wider cultivation of these valuable plants for human life in our republic is important and appropriate from the point of view of medical and health, along with the population's demand for food, fruits and vegetables. There are great opportunities for the development of citrus in the southern region of Azerbaijan. Thus, this region has favorable natural climate conditions for the cultivation of oranges, lemons, tangerines, grapefruits, hallabong and other citrus fruits. The main occupation of people living in Astara, Lankaran and Masalli regions is citrus farming, and tangerines, oranges and lemons grown in this region are in great demand abroad. From this point of view, it can be said unequivocally that citrus fruit growing has high economic efficiency and export potential in Azerbaijan.